Becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen is an exhilarating milestone for many immigrants. It represents stability, opportunity, and the culmination of years of dedication. However, the path to naturalization can often feel overwhelming. There are forms to complete, eligibility criteria to meet, and a legal process to navigate. If your dream is to achieve U.S. citizenship, you'll need to be prepared and get all the help you need.
What is Naturalization?
Naturalization is the process by which a lawful permanent resident (LPR)—commonly referred to as a green card holder—becomes a U.S. citizen. Once naturalized, individuals gain the full rights and responsibilities of U.S. citizens, including voting in elections, serving on a jury, and obtaining a U.S. passport.
While becoming a citizen can greatly benefit both you and your family, there are specific requirements and steps you must follow to succeed in this process.
Step 1. Verify Your Eligibility for Naturalization
Before starting your application, it’s important to confirm that you meet the eligibility requirements. Generally, the criteria for naturalization include:
- Lawful Permanent Resident Status: Applicants must hold a green card (lawful permanent resident status) for at least 5 years (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen). This time frame is referred to as the residency requirement.
- Physical Presence: You must have been physically present in the U.S. for at least 30 months over the 5 years prior to applying (or 18 months if applying under the 3-year marriage rule).
- Continuous Residence: This means you must have continuously lived in the U.S. during your residency requirement without prolonged absences.
- Good Moral Character: USCIS reviews your background to ensure good moral character, including compliance with U.S. laws. Certain issues, such as criminal convictions, could disqualify you.
- English and Civics Knowledge: You’ll need to demonstrate proficiency in basic English and knowledge of key facts about U.S. history and government. There are exceptions for individuals over the age of 50 who meet specific conditions.
- Attachment to the Constitution: You must show support for and attachment to the principles of the U.S. Constitution.
Taking the time to review these requirements upfront will ensure you’re positioned for a successful application.
Step 2. File Form N-400, Application for Naturalization
Once you’ve established your eligibility, your next step is to file Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, with the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). This form collects important information about your background, residency, and eligibility.
Key Tips for Filing Form N-400:
- Gather Required Documentation: Examples include your green card, evidence of marital status (if applicable), and documents related to travel abroad during the residency period.
- Be Honest: Ensure every detail you provide on the form is accurate and truthful. Misstatements can jeopardize your application.
- Include Fees: The current filing fee is more or less $700 and can depend on the method of filing (subject to changes). Certain applicants may qualify for a fee waiver or reduction.
- File Online or By Mail: USCIS offers both online and paper filing options. Choose the method that works best for you.
Keep copies of your documents—once USCIS receives your application, they will send you a receipt notice confirming your case.
Step 3. Attend the Biometrics Appointment
After filing your N-400, you will receive an appointment notice for biometrics collection at a nearby USCIS Application Support Center (ASC). During this appointment, USCIS will take your fingerprints, photograph, and collect a signature.
This information is used for a background check, required as part of the naturalization process. Be sure to bring your appointment notice and a form of government-issued photo identification.
Step 4. Complete the Naturalization Interview and Exam
One of the most important steps in the process is attending your naturalization interview, which includes an English and civics test. During the interview, a USCIS officer will review your N-400 answers with you and assess your eligibility.
The Naturalization Test:
- English Test: You’ll be expected to read, write, and speak basic English.
- Civics Test: This oral test evaluates your knowledge of U.S. history and government. You’ll need to correctly answer 6 out of 10 questions asked (randomly chosen from a list of 100).
Preparation is key. The USCIS website offers a range of free study tools, including practice tests and resources.
If you are unable to pass the test on your first attempt, don’t worry—USCIS allows you to retake the test at a later date.
Step 5. Take the Oath of Allegiance
If USCIS approves your application after your interview and exam, your final step will be attending a naturalization ceremony. This is an emotional and celebratory event where you will officially become a U.S. citizen.
During the ceremony, you’ll take the Oath of Allegiance, pledging loyalty to the U.S. Constitution and its values. Afterward, you’ll receive your Certificate of Naturalization—a document that serves as proof of your citizenship.
Benefits of U.S. Citizenship
Once you are a U.S. citizen, the opportunities are extraordinary:
- Voting Rights: Participate in federal, state, and local elections.
- Travel and Protection: Obtain a U.S. passport and receive protection while abroad.
- Family Reunification: Expedite sponsorship for family members to come to the United States.
- Federal Jobs and Benefits: Gain eligibility for government jobs and public benefits restricted to U.S. citizens.
Seek Help From A Skilled Immigration Lawyer
The naturalization process is a significant but achievable goal, especially if you approach it step by step and with legal help. The Law Office of Ivan Neel is open and ready to service those who are working towards U.S. citizenship. Our immigration lawyer can help you in every step and requirement to ensure you achieve your dream.
Your future as a U.S. citizen is within reach. With careful preparation and determination, you’ll soon join the millions of people who can proudly call the United States their forever home.
Contact us at (832) 447-6748 today to schedule a consultation and start your journey to citizenship.